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We will now study the area of very irregular figures. In particular, if we
have a curve defined by some function, we will consider the (signed) area between
that function and the x axis, between specified values of x. Area above the
axis counts as positive area, and that below the axis counts as negative area.
We will be concerned with the definition, nomenclature and notation for such
areas, and with means of evaluating them, both exactly and numerically. We
will also relate such areas to antiderivatives.
18.1 Areas: Definition, Names, and Notations
18.2 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Determining Areas